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Cyclone Jal
Severe Cyclonic Storm Jal was the fifth named cyclonic storm and the fourth Severe Cyclonic Storm of the 2010 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. Jal developed from a low pressure area in the South China Sea that organized into a Tropical Depression on . Jal is a Sanskrit word, meaning ''water''. At least 54 people are known to have been killed in India.〔 As a tropical depression, Jal produced torrential rains over parts of Thailand and Malaysia, triggering severe flooding which killed 59 and four people in the two countries respectively.〔 In Sri Lanka, heavy rainfall with strong winds have caused flooding affecting around 80,000 people. In Thailand, Jal was responsible for 78 deaths, being the 4th deadliest tropical cyclone in the country.〔http://www.ptc-wmoescap.org/AdhocGroupAttachments/26_TROPICAL%20CYCLONES%20IN%20THAILAND.pdf〕
==Meteorological history==
On October 12, a weak tropical disturbance formed within a monsoonal trough of low pressure in the South China Sea, just off the eastern coast of Borneo.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5tsDIoVjx )〕 For the next few weeks, the system stalled on the eastern coast of Bormeo, remaining disorganized, while the system barely affected the island of Borneo at all. During the last week of October, the storm detached from the moonsonal trough, and began slowly moving east. On , the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) both reported that the system had begun to develop, already beginning to organize itself, about 550 km (340 mi), to the southeast of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. During the next few days, the tropical depression strengthened slowly as it slowly moved towards the eastern border of the Indian Ocean. During this time, convection around the disturbance increased, but failed to organize around the storm's low level circulation center. Despite these unfavorable conditions, the storm managed to develop convection around its area of low pressure, and organized itself significantly. On , the Thai and Malaysian meteorological departments (TMD) reported that the disturbance had developed into a tropical depression, and initiated advisories on the system. From continuing into , the storm strengthened slightly as it continued moving towards the Indian Ocean, but not enough for it to become a tropical storm. Late on , the tropical depression crossed the Malay Peninsula, and entered the extreme eastern part of the Indian Ocean, causing the west Pacific agencies to cancel all their advisories on the storm, as it was no longer in the west Pacific Ocean. As soon as the system entered the extreme eastern border of the Indian Ocean, the India Meteorological Agency (IMD) immediately declared the storm a depression, and began issuing advisories on the system, because the system had already organized itself into a tropical depression in the west Pacific Ocean, on , which was a day before the system entered the IMD's area of responsibility.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5tv8y6Hr8 )〕 Later on , the system began showing signs of further, but slow organization, as the system continued moving west slowly.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5tw75ZHjN )〕 Early on , the Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) also issued their first advisory on the system, and the IMD simply called it Depression, becausing the storm had not yet entered the Bay of Bengal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5twRn4Uj2 )〕 Later on that day, the IMD reported that the system had weakened into an area of low pressure, due to the effects of crossing the Malay Peninsula, but they forecast it to become a depression soon again, as the storm was moving over warm water.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5twXgSOuz )〕 Late on , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a tropical cyclone formation alert on the system, as it began reorganizing itself.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.fnmoc.navy.mil/tcweb/cgi-bin/tc_home.cgi?ATCF_NAME=wp992010.gif&PROD=gif&SENSOR=&PHOT=yes&ARCHIVE=Latest&DIR=/tcweb/dynamic/products/tc10/IO/99W.INVEST/ssmi/ir1km&SIZE=full&TYPE=ssmi&NAV=tc&DISPLAY=Active&CURRENT=wp992010.20101103135959.gif&YEAR=2010&MO=Nov&BASIN=IO&STORM_NAME=99W.INVEST&ACTIVES=10-SHEM-02S.ANGGREK,10-ATL-21L.TOMAS,10-WPAC-90W.INVEST,10-IO-99W.INVEST, )〕 Early on , the India Meteorological Department (IMD) upgraded the area of low pressure to a depression again, this time giving it the designation "BOB 05," as the system had now entered the Bay of Bengal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5typGguth )〕 On , the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) designated the system as Tropical Cyclone 05B.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u01ZyOwz )〕
Early on November 6, the IMD upgraded Depression BOB 05 to a deep depression.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u0N8iSkv )〕 Later, the deep depression strengthened further, prompting the IMD to upgrade it to a cyclonic storm, and was named "Jal".〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u0iKMD63 )〕 The storm continued to grow and became a severe cyclonic storm by .〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u1j64oQI )〕 Soon afterward, it was upgraded to a Category 1 Tropical Cyclone by the JTWC.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u20xn1ZY )〕 On , Jal started weakening.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u3YdOeFc )〕 Soon afterward, the IMD reported that Jal weakened into a Cyclonic Storm.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u3iLfVQk )〕 Later that day, the JTWC downgraded Jal into a Tropical storm.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u48M4Xcj )〕 Late on the same day, the IMD reported that the storm weakened into a Deep Depression.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u4PTGVmc )〕 As a deep depression, the system made landfall at Chennai, a few hours later.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u4qFb5Wz )〕 The system continued to weaken and became a depression by early hours of .〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u4q2q60U )〕 The depression continued to weaken until it dissipated into a remnant low on the same day.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u5BGOgDw )〕 While on that very same day the IMD said that there is a possibility of re-strengthening of Jal's remnants over north east Arabian sea.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u6W2RWta )〕 And as the IMD said, the system moved into the Arabian Sea without weakening by early .〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/5u6W6FIxz )〕 But instead of moving across the Arabian Sea, the depression moved north along the western coast of India, restrengthening slightly, but not enough for it to regenerate. Within a few hours, the storm started moving inland, due to the prevailing winds. The system rapidly weakened as it moved farther inland over the next few days, causing severe flooding along the way. Early on , the remnants of Cyclone Jal were completely absorbed by a non-tropical low over the Himalayas.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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